What is adstrate linguistics?
An adstratum or adstrate is a language that is in contact with another language in a neighbor population without having identifiably higher or lower prestige.
Why do Creoles exist?
According to substratists, creoles were formed by the languages previously spoken by Africans enslaved in the Americas and the Indian Ocean, which imposed their structural features upon the European colonial languages.
Is French a superstrate language?
Romance languages each borrowed from its own superstratum (language superimposed upon Romance). French, for instance, is estimated to have taken some 700 words from Frankish (a Germanic language), not all of which have survived but some of which have passed via French into other Romance languages.
What race is creole?
In present Louisiana, Creole generally means a person or people of mixed colonial French, African American and Native American ancestry. The term Black Creole refers to freed slaves from Haiti and their descendants.
What is a white creole?
As mentioned, many whites in antebellum Louisiana also referred to themselves as Creoles. Among whites, the term generally referred to persons of upper-class French or Spanish ancestry, and even German ancestry (though all eventually spoke French as their primarily language).
Is Swedish a superstrate?
Högström (in a book published in 1747) allows us to suggest that Borgarmålet was a typical pidgin characterized by a vocabulary derived mostly from the superstrate language (Swedish), by a stable simplified grammatical structure without synthetic forms and by direct or transformed grammatical interference from the …
What is superstrate language?
A language or aspect of a language, typically belonging to a colonizing or dominant group, which affects another socially and culturally dominated language and contributes to the formation of a Creole, especially in providing the lexicon. Recorded earliest in “superstrate language”.
What language do they speak in Gotland?
Gutnish
Gutnish (US: /ˈɡuːtnɪʃ/ GOOT-nish), or rarely Gutnic (Swedish: gutniska or gutamål), refers to the original language spoken on parts of the islands of Gotland and Fårö.
What is Pidgin English called?
Simply put, Pidgin English is a mixture of English and local languages which enables people who do not share a common language to communicate. Most African countries are made up of numerous different ethnic groups who do not necessarily have a lingua franca, so Pidgin has developed.