Are dendritic cells adaptive or innate?
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a heterogeneous family of immune cells that link innate and adaptive immunity. The main function of these innate cells is to capture, process, and present antigens to adaptive immune cells and mediate their polarization into effector cells (1).
Where do plasmacytoid dendritic cells originate from?
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were initially described 20 years ago by the Liu and Colonna groups. 1 , 2 pDCs are continuously generated from haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (BM) via both myeloid and lymphoid precursors.
Are dendritic cells CD45?
Dendritic Cell Phenotype On the cell surface, DCs constitutively express the hematopoietic markers CD45, MHC-II, and CD11c and lack T cell, natural killer (NK) cell, B cell, granulocyte, and erythrocyte lineage markers (see Figure 1 and Table 1).
What is the origin of dendritic cells?
Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely potent in orchestrating T cell immune response, thus they are indispensable immune sentinels. They originate from progenitors in the bone marrow through hematopoiesis, a highly regulated developmental process involving multiple cellular and molecular events.
How do dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive immune systems?
The function of dendritic cells (DCs) in linking innate to adaptive immunity is often summarized with two terms. DCs are sentinels, able to capture, process and present antigens and to migrate to lymphoid tissues to select rare, antigen-reactive T cell clones.
Which cells link innate and adaptive immune responses?
Dendritic cells: a link between innate and adaptive immunity.
Where are pDCs found?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) resemble antibody-secreting plasma cells and are believed to arise from a lymphoid progenitor. pDCs are found in blood and in lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus, and Peyer’s patches.
Are pDCs myeloid cells?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can be derived from both myeloid and lymphoid progenitors.
Are dendritic cells monocyte derived?
Monocyte-derived Dendritic cells (Mo-DC) are a distinct DC subset, involved in inflammation and infection, they originate from monocytes upon stimulation in the circulation and their activation and function may vary in autoimmune diseases.
What are the innate lymphoid cells?
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a growing family of immune cells that mirror the phenotypes and functions of T cells. However, in contrast to T cells, ILCs do not express acquired antigen receptors or undergo clonal selection and expansion when stimulated.
What cells are the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?
The T cell as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune systems: Implications for the kidney. The immune system is classically divided into innate and adaptive components with distinct roles and functions. T cells are major components of the adaptive immune system.
How do dendritic cells differentiate into PDCs?
In the bone marrow, common dendritic cell progenitors expressing Flt3 (CD135) receptors are able to give rise to pDCs. Flt3 or CD135 signaling induces differentiation and proliferation of pDCs, although their mechanisms are not entirely understood.
Does situreplication of immediate dendritic cell precursors contribute to conventional DC homeostasis?
In situreplication of immediate dendritic cell (DC) precursors contributes to conventional DC homeostasis in lymphoid tissue. J. Immunol. 176, 12196–12206 10.4049/jimmunol.176.12.7196 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
How do plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate B-cell growth and differentiation?
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate B-cell growth and differentiation via CD70. Blood115, 15051–15057 10.1182/blood-2009-08-239145 [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
What are tolerogenic properties of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)?
Tolerogenic properties of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). pDCs utilize several molecular mechanisms to induce tolerogenic properties. When phosphorylated, indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme catabolizing L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine acquires potent immunomodulatory properties.