What is the difference between Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima?
Oryza sativa is a major and important crop of Asia, especially southern, eastern, and South-East Asia, and also important in Southern Europe, like France, and the Americas, while Oryza glaberrima is distributed as a semi-upland (non irrigated largely, but, irrigated partially, as well) land type found in high rainfall …
What is the genome size of indica rice type?
The genome assembly size was increased by 49.52 Mb which accounts for over 86 % of estimated HR-12 genome (454 Mb). The average genome size of four indica cultivars was found to be higher (457 Mb) as compared to previous report [30] (Additional files 6 and 7).
What is the meaning of Oryza glaberrima?
African rice
Oryza glaberrima, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa around 3,000 years ago.
How many genes does Oryza sativa have?
Oryza sativa has a haploid chromosome number of 12, containing 370 Mb with about 36,000 protein-coding genes. Rice was an obvious choice for the first whole genome sequencing of a cereal crop.
Who brought rice to Africa?
At the present time, O. glaberrima is being replaced everywhere in West Africa by the Asian species, introduced into the continent by the Portuguese as early as the middle of the 16th century (1). The native species is thus rapidly diminishing in importance.
Did rice come from Africa or Asia?
To most of the world, rice connotes Asia and the vast agriculture of Far Eastern river deltas. Indeed, humanity’s second major crop is from Asia, and 90 percent of it—the main source of calories for 2.7 billion people—is grown there. But rice is also African.
How big is the maize genome?
2.4 Gb
Although it is a medium-sized grass genome, at 2.4 Gb the maize genome is large compared to other sequenced plants and so will require significant funding to sequence.
What is the genome size of wheat?
17 gigabases
Compared with other major crops the common wheat genome is very large in size (~ 17 gigabases, Gb) with each subgenome being approximately 5.5 Gb [6] and complex in composition, of which > 80% is made up of repetitive sequences. Therefore, sequencing and assembly of the entire wheat genome was very challenging.
Who introduced rice to Africa?
Who introduced rice to Asia?
Rice farming spread far and wide in ancient Southeast Asia, but how it got there has been a mystery. Now, a study of 4000-year-old DNA—a rare find in this region—suggests it came with farmers migrating from China, where rice farming originated.
What is the genome size of Oryza sativa?
430 Mb
The rice genome (Oryza sativa; AA genome) is composed of 12 chromosomes (2n = 24) and has a total length of 430 Mb (megabase, a nucleotide length of 1000 000 base pairs) corresponding to about 1500 cM (centiMorgan, a genetic unit of length measured by the crossing‐over frequency in genetic recombinations at meiosis) ( …
What is the genome size of Pan troglodytes?
3.0Gb
The current assembly covers about 97 percent of the Pan troglodytes genome and contains 3.0Gb with 18,759 protein-coding genes and 29,160 currently predicted transcripts. This low number is a result of alignment errors between human and chimp genomes resulting in loss of transfer of a number of exons.
Was Oryza barthii domesticated in a single region?
Population genomics analyses of 20 O. glaberrima and 94 Oryza barthii accessions support the hypothesis that O. glaberrima was domesticated in a single region along the Niger river as opposed to noncentric domestication events across Africa.
Is there a dynamic evolution of the Oryza genome?
Ammiraju, J.S.S. et al. Dynamic evolution of Oryza genomes is revealed by comparative genomic analysis of a genus-wide vertical data set. Plant Cell 20, 3191–3209 (2008). Vitte, C., Panaud, O. & Quesneville, H. LTR retrotransposons in rice ( Oryza sativa, L.): recent burst amplifications followed by rapid DNA loss.
How many genome types are there in the genus Oryza?
Jones, M.P., Dingkuhn, M., Aluko, G.K. & Semon, M. Interspecific Oryza sativa L. X O. glaberrima Steud. progenies in upland rice improvement. Euphytica 94, 237–246 (1997). Kim, H. et al. Construction, alignment and analysis of twelve framework physical maps that represent the ten genome types of the genus Oryza. Genome Biol. 9, R45 (2008).
What can we learn from the release of the Oryza glaberrima genome?
The release of the O. glaberrima genome, its annotation and comparative population genomics data sets enables an unprecedented opportunity for the identification and utilization of adaptive traits that are important for rice agriculture, especially in west Africa, a region whose population is expected to grow rapidly over the next 50 years.