What is the difference between mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis?
Mycetoma is caused by different species of fungi (eumycetoma) or aerobic filamentous bacteria (actinomycetoma) [1], whereas chromoblastomycosis is caused only by fungi.
What causes chromoblastomycosis?
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of microorganism from a specific group of dematiaceous fungi (usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora carrionii).
What are the symptoms of chromoblastomycosis?
Usually, chromoblastomycosis begins on the foot or leg, but other exposed body parts may be infected, especially where the skin is broken. Early small, itchy, enlarging papules may resemble dermatophytosis. Symptoms and signs vary by site of infection.
What is the most common cause of mycetoma?
Mycetoma may be caused by filamentous bacteria (actinomycotic mycetoma or actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycotic mycetoma or eumycetoma). The most common bacterial causes are Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadurae madurae, Streptomyces somaliensis, and Actinomadura pelletieria.
What is mycetoma of the lung?
A pulmonary mycetoma is a round to oval-shaped mass of fungi situated within a cavity in the lung. Most mycetomas are caused byAspergillusspecies. Other fungi have occasionally been reported to cause clinically and roentgenographically similar lesions.
How is chromoblastomycosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is confirmed by the observation of muriform cells in tissue and the isolation and the identification of the causal agent in culture. Chromoblastomycosis still is a therapeutic challenge for clinicians due to the recalcitrant nature of the disease, especially in the severe clinical forms.
Is mycetoma a tumor?
Introduction: Mycetomes are inflammotory pseudo-tumors that affect the skin, the subcutaneous tissues and sometimes the bones. Their treatment depends on the type of parasite. Fungal mycetomas, also known as eumycetomas, are treated primarily by surgery, while actinomycotic mycetomas are treated primarily with drugs.
What are the types of mycetoma?
| Mycetoma | |
|---|---|
| Symptoms | Triad: painless firm skin lump, multiple weeping sinuses, grainy discharge |
| Usual onset | Slowly progressive |
| Types | Actinomycetoma (bacterial) Eumycetoma (fungal) |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration |
Can chromoblastomycosis be cured?
Although early, small lesions of chromoblastomycosis can be treated with surgical removal, long-term oral antifungal therapy is the treatment of choice for more extensive disease. Severe disease is often refractory to treatment.
Is chromoblastomycosis a disease?
Disease at a Glance Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection characterized by raised and crusted lesions which affect the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It most often occurs on the limbs, but can affect any area of the body.
What are the symptoms of mycetoma?
What are the symptoms of mycetoma?
- starts with a painless lump under the skin.
- progresses to open infection discharging small ‘grains’ containing fungal spores.
- causes swollen, disfigured body parts – most commonly hands and feet, back, and buttocks.
What is the pathophysiology of chromoblastomycosis?
Chromoblastomycosis is an important subcutaneous mycotic infection that is endemic worldwide but more common in the tropics. It is caused by the traumatic inoculation of the skin with pigmented saprophytic moulds, and the principal infective species are Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii.
Is chromoblastomycosis fatal?
Although chromoblastomycosis is not known to be fatal, it is characteristically chronic, and can be complicated by lymphatic damage and neoplastic transformation. It is one of the more difficult-to-treat mycoses, and a variety of antifungal regimens often combined with various physical treatments can be used.
What are the treatment options for chromoblastomycosis?
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection that has shown resistance to normal antifungal therapies such as fluconazole and amphotericin B, and therefore the use of broad-spectrum therapies such as itraconazole and terbinafine are used.
What is the ELISA assay for chromoblastomycosis?
This can be used to identify the production of antibodies against the fungal antigens such as ELISA assay using C. carrionii antigen AgSPP. Treatment for Chromoblastomycosis includes physical therapeutic methods as well as topical and systemic therapy with antifungal agents, which have been documented to be effective.