What are PyMT mice?
The MMTV-PyMT (mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle tumor-antigen) mouse model of breast cancer is widely used and well characterized. MMTV-PyMT mice develop spontaneous mammary tumors that closely resemble the progression and morphology of human breast cancers [12-14].
What is Luminal B breast cancer definition?
Advertisement. Luminal B-like breast cancer is estrogen-receptor-positive and HER2-positive and has any level of Ki-67 and may be progesterone receptor-positive or progesterone receptor-negative. Luminal B cancers tend to grow faster than luminal A cancers and have a slightly worse prognosis.
What is luminal A vs B?
Luminal A subtype was defined as being ER positive, HER2 negative, and Ki67 low (<14% cells positive) and luminal B subtype as being ER positive, HER2 negative, and Ki67 high (≥14% cells positive). Luminal tumors were also subgrouped into risk categories based on the PR and TP53 status.
Is Luminal B breast cancer aggressive?
Luminal B breast cancer is defined by aggressive clinical behavior and has a prognosis similar to that of non-luminal cancers (including the HER2−enriched and base-like subtypes) [7]. According to the 2013 St Gallen Consensus, the luminal B subtype accounted for nearly 40% of all breast cancers [8].
Can luminal A be Grade 3?
Grade 3 tumors were detected in 18.0% of luminal A tumors, 58.9% of luminal B (HER2-), 75.4% of luminal B (HER2+), 92.7% of HER2, and 85.1% of basal-like tumors.
Can luminal A be Grade 2?
Luminal A tumors tend to be: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) HER2 receptor-negative (HER2-negative) Tumor grade 1 or 2.
Is Luminal B breast cancer curable?
Moreover, the two ER + breast cancer subtypes, luminal A and luminal B, are linked with a good prognosis and excellent long-term survival (approximately 80%–85% 5-year survival), whereas the ER negative subtypes (HER2 + and basal-like) are challenging to manage and are linked with poor prognosis (approximately 50%–60% …
What is the treatment for luminal B breast cancer?
Along with traditional cancer treatments such as surgery to remove cancer cells, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, your doctor may recommend that you have targeted therapy, sometimes called immunotherapy, biotherapy or monoclonal antibody therapy.
What is luminal A vs luminal B?
ER and progesterone receptor (PR) statuses are important predictors of the response to hormonal therapy. The luminal A type is regarded as a low-risk group that shows a good response to endocrine therapy compared to the luminal B type, which is generally of higher grade and has a higher proliferative rate.
What is Ki-67 a marker for?
The nuclear protein Ki67 (pKi67) is an established prognostic and predictive indicator for the assessment of biopsies from patients with cancer. Clinically, pKi67 has been shown to correlate with metastasis and the clinical stage of tumors.
What is normal Ki67?
The median value for Ki67 was 15% (range: <1% – 98%), which was used to define low or high Ki-67 expression levels: Ki-67 values <15% were defined as “low Ki-67”, whereas values ≥ 15% were defined as “high Ki-67”.
What is considered a high Ki67 score?
Understanding Your Ki-67 Results Less than 10% is considered low. 20% or higher is considered high.
What is the PyMT mouse model used for in breast cancer?
The PyMT mouse model has also been extensively used to study the events that promote tumor initiation and mutations that predispose patients to breast cancer. A comprehensive review of the effects of different genes on tumor onset and metastasis is provided in Table 1 along with a brief description of its relevance and impact on the field.
What types of cells are in the tumor microenvironment of PyMT mice?
We show by immunohistochemical labeling that prominent cell types in the tumor microenvironment of PyMT transgenic mice are tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and endothelial cells, and that both populations are decreased in the presence of mitochondrial targeted catalase (mCAT).
What causes high levels of cyclin D1 in PyMT mice?
In contrast, elevated or persistent expression occurs as the tumor advances, with especially high levels of expression seen in late carcinomas. The expression of cyclin D1 is found in both the primary tumor and the developing mammary gland of PyMT mice.
Is PyMT a breast cancer oncogene?
Despite not being a human oncogene, PyMT mimics the signaling of receptor tyrosine kinases which are commonly activated in many human malignancies including breast cancer. Fig. 1: Notable advances in GEMMs of breast cancer.